Calculating the Maximum Allowable Heating Rate ($dT/dt$) to prevent micro-fracture.
Context: When a frozen mass (meat, regolith, steel) is exposed to sudden heat, the thermal gradient induces stress. If $dT/dt$ exceeds the material's critical threshold, the boundary cracks. This is the math behind the improvisation.
Critical Heating Rate:
Equivalent Ramp Time for 100°C Delta: 0 min
Formula: $dT/dt_{crit} = \frac{\sigma_{yield}}{E \cdot \beta} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{\alpha \cdot L^2}}$
Where $L$ is characteristic length.